Main source: Marx’s Late Writings on Russia Re-Examined
This article, by Kevin B. Anderson, critically examines a series of Marx’s later, less-known texts that challenged the universal applicability of his Western European model of capitalist development. These writings, most notably the 1882 Introduction to the Communist Manifesto, suggested an alternative, non-capitalist path for Russia to reach communism, one rooted in its pre-existing agricultural village communes (obshchina).Anderson argues that these “autonomous” pathways to social transformation, which bypass the full development of modern capitalism, remain a vital and often-overlooked resource for contemporary anti-capitalist movements today.
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